B. Aarts, Syntactic gradience: the nature of grammatical indeterminacy, 2007.

R. Backofen, J. Rogers, and K. Vijay-shanker, A first-order axiomatization of the theory of finite trees, Journal of Logic, Language and Information, vol.18, issue.4, 1995.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01048403

J. Balfourier, P. Blache, and T. V. And-rullen, From shallow to deep parsing using constraint satisfaction, Proceedings of the 19th international conference on Computational linguistics -, 2002.
DOI : 10.3115/1072228.1072332
URL : http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/C/C02/C02-1104.pdf

P. Blache, Property Grammars: A Fully Constraint-Based Theory, Constraint Solving and Language Processing, 2005.
DOI : 10.1007/11424574_1
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00134202

P. Blache, B. Hemforth, R. , and S. , Acceptability prediction by means of grammaticality quantification, Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and the 44th annual meeting of the ACL , ACL '06, pp.57-64, 2006.
DOI : 10.3115/1220175.1220183
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00135422

P. Blackburn and W. Meyer-viol, Linguistics, Logic and Finite Trees, Logic Journal of IGPL, vol.2, issue.1, 1994.
DOI : 10.1093/jigpal/2.1.3

P. Blackburn, C. Gardent, and W. Meyer-viol, Talking about trees, Proceedings of the sixth conference on European chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics -, 1993.
DOI : 10.3115/976744.976748

N. Chomsky, The Logical Structure of Linguistic Theory, 1975.

T. Cornell and J. Rogers, Model Theoretic Syntax, The Glot International State of the Article Book I. Holland Academic Graphics, 2000.
DOI : 10.1515/9783110822861.171

D. Duchier, J. Prost, and T. Dao, A Model-Theoretic Framework for Grammaticality Judgements, Formal Grammar, pp.17-30, 2009.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-642-20169-1_2
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00458937

D. Duchier, T. Dao, Y. Parmentier, and W. Lesaint, Property Grammar Parsing Seen as a Constraint Optimization Problem, FG, pp.82-96, 2010.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-642-32024-8_6
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00504684

J. Foster, J. Wagner, and J. Van-genabith, Adapting a WSJ-trained parser to grammatically noisy text, Proceedings of the 46th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics on Human Language Technologies Short Papers, HLT '08, pp.221-224, 2008.
DOI : 10.3115/1557690.1557753

G. Gazdar, E. Klein, G. Pullum, and I. Sag, The Logic of Typed Feature Structures, 1985.

A. Goldberg, Constructions: a new theoretical approach to language, Trens in Cognitive Sciences, pp.219-224, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S1364-6613(03)00080-9

R. Huddleston and G. K. Pullum, The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language, Zeitschrift f??r Anglistik und Amerikanistik, vol.53, issue.2, 2002.
DOI : 10.1515/zaa-2005-0209

F. Keller, Gradience in Grammar -Experimental and Computational Aspects of Degrees of Grammaticality, 2000.

M. Lafourcade and A. Joubert, Evolutionary Basic Notions for a Thematic Representation of General Knowledge, proceedings of LREC'08: Language Resources and Evaluation Conference, 2008.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/lirmm-00358851

H. Maruyama, Structural disambiguation with constraint propagation, Proceedings of the 28th annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics -, pp.31-38, 1990.
DOI : 10.3115/981823.981828
URL : http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/P/P90/P90-1005.pdf

A. Prince and P. Smolensky, Optimality Theory: Constraint Interaction in Generatire Grammar, 1993.
DOI : 10.1002/9780470759400

J. Prost, Modelling Syntactic Gradience with Loose Constraintbased Parsing, 2008.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00352828

J. Prost and M. Lafourcade, Pairing Model-Theoretic Syntax and Semantic Network for Writing Assistance, Proceedings of CSLP 2011 (Constraints and Language Processing), pp.56-68, 2001.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00655059

G. Pullum, The evolution of model-theoretic frameworks in linguistics, Proceedings of Model-Theoretic Syntax at 10 Workshop, 2007.

G. Pullum and B. Scholz, On the Distinction between Model-Theoretic and Generative-Enumerative Syntactic Frameworks, Logical Aspects of Computational Linguistics: 4th International Conference, number 2099 in Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, pp.17-43, 2001.
DOI : 10.1007/3-540-48199-0_2

G. K. Pullum and B. C. Scholz, Model-Theoretic Syntax Foundations -Linguistic Aspects. Draft; ask for authors' written consent prior to citation or quotation, 2003.

I. Sag, Sign-Based Construction Grammar: An Informal Synopsis, pp.39-170, 2012.

I. Sag, T. Wasow, and E. Bender, Syntactic Theory: A Formal Introduction, Computational Linguistics, vol.26, issue.2, 2003.
DOI : 10.1162/coli.2000.26.2.295a
URL : http://doi.org/10.1162/coli.2000.26.2.295a

T. Vanrullen, Vers une analyse syntaxique à granularité variable, 2005.

J. Wagner, Detecting Grammatical Errors with Treebank-Induced, Probabilistic Parsers, 2012.

S. Wan, M. Dras, R. Dale, P. , and C. , Towards Statistical Paraphrase Generation: Preliminary Evaluations of Grammaticality, Proceedings of The 3rd International Workshop on Paraphrasing (IWP2005), 2005.

S. J. Wong and M. Dras, Exploiting Parse Structures for Native Language Identification, EMNLP, pp.1600-1610, 2011.

S. Zwarts and M. Dras, Choosing the right translation, Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics, COLING '08, pp.1153-1160, 2008.
DOI : 10.3115/1599081.1599226