<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:hal="http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/" xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/" xmlns:gmlce="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/ce" version="1.1" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0 http://api.archives-ouvertes.fr/documents/aofr-sword.xsd">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>HAL TEI export of lirmm-04001355</title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
        <availability status="restricted">
          <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">CC0 1.0 - Universal</licence>
        </availability>
        <date when="2026-05-06T21:39:48+02:00"/>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p part="N">HAL API Platform</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblFull>
          <titleStmt>
            <title xml:lang="en">A study on the invariance in security whatever the dimension of images for the steganalysis by deep-learning</title>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Kévin</forename>
                <surname>Planolles</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">225b0544fb1db65fe48d6813126e7ea0</email>
              <email type="domain">etu.umontpellier.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1630028</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">2736683-1630028</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2659-4251</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-1100632"/>
            </author>
            <author role="crp">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Marc</forename>
                <surname>Chaumont</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">6f42cc7f71d6fc246a2a91f009322e3b</email>
              <email type="domain">lirmm.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="string">marc-chaumont</idno>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">9890</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">971-9890</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4095-4410</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/076392740</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-1100632"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Frédéric</forename>
                <surname>Comby</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">2b909e2b48e3d8cb0290a78a17fa23a0</email>
              <email type="domain">lirmm.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="string">frederic-comby</idno>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">6243</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">18278-6243</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/068902778</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7157-4296</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-1100632"/>
            </author>
            <editor role="depositor">
              <persName>
                <forename>Marc</forename>
                <surname>Chaumont</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">78bb3b1c0f11d6fcb903aa0058f7514d</email>
              <email type="domain">irisa.fr</email>
            </editor>
            <funder ref="#projanr-47780"/>
          </titleStmt>
          <editionStmt>
            <edition n="v1" type="current">
              <date type="whenSubmitted">2023-02-23 15:55:48</date>
              <date type="whenModified">2026-02-12 03:25:53</date>
              <date type="whenReleased">2023-02-24 14:09:08</date>
              <date type="whenProduced">2023-02-23</date>
              <date type="whenEndEmbargoed">2023-02-23</date>
              <ref type="file" target="https://hal-lirmm.ccsd.cnrs.fr/lirmm-04001355v1/document">
                <date notBefore="2023-02-23"/>
              </ref>
              <ref type="file" subtype="author" n="1" target="https://hal-lirmm.ccsd.cnrs.fr/lirmm-04001355v1/file/ICASSP2023_PLANOLLES_CHAUMONT_COMBY_Security_Invariance.pdf" id="file-4001355-3488921">
                <date notBefore="2023-02-23"/>
              </ref>
              <ref type="annex" n="0" target="https://hal-lirmm.ccsd.cnrs.fr/lirmm-04001355v1/file/QA-ICASSP2023.pdf" id="file-4001355-3488922">
                <date notBefore="2023-02-22"/>
              </ref>
              <ref type="externalLink" target="http://arxiv.org/pdf/2302.11527"/>
            </edition>
            <respStmt>
              <resp>contributor</resp>
              <name key="112230">
                <persName>
                  <forename>Marc</forename>
                  <surname>Chaumont</surname>
                </persName>
                <email type="md5">78bb3b1c0f11d6fcb903aa0058f7514d</email>
                <email type="domain">irisa.fr</email>
              </name>
            </respStmt>
          </editionStmt>
          <publicationStmt>
            <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
            <idno type="halId">lirmm-04001355</idno>
            <idno type="halUri">https://hal-lirmm.ccsd.cnrs.fr/lirmm-04001355</idno>
            <idno type="halBibtex">planolles:lirmm-04001355</idno>
            <idno type="halRefHtml">2023</idno>
            <idno type="halRef">2023</idno>
            <availability status="restricted">
              <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">CC0 1.0 - Universal<ref corresp="#file-4001355-3488921"/><ref corresp="#file-4001355-3488922"/></licence>
            </availability>
          </publicationStmt>
          <seriesStmt>
            <idno type="stamp" n="CNRS">CNRS - Centre national de la recherche scientifique</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-MONTP3">Université de Montpellier Paul-Valéry</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-PERP">Université Perpignan Via Domitia</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="LIRMM">Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="ICARLIRMM" corresp="LIRMM">ICAR: Image &amp; Interaction</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-MONTPELLIER">Université de Montpellier</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="ANR">ANR</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UPVM-TI" corresp="UNIV-MONTP3">Publications UPVM texte intégral</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="AXESECULIRMM" corresp="LIRMM">Axe sécurité du LIRMM</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UM-2015-2021" corresp="UNIV-MONTPELLIER">Université de Montpellier (2015-2021)</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UM-EPE" corresp="UNIV-MONTPELLIER">Université de Montpellier - EPE</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="IA">Intelligence Artificielle</idno>
          </seriesStmt>
          <notesStmt>
            <note type="audience" n="2">International</note>
          </notesStmt>
          <sourceDesc>
            <biblStruct>
              <analytic>
                <title xml:lang="en">A study on the invariance in security whatever the dimension of images for the steganalysis by deep-learning</title>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Kévin</forename>
                    <surname>Planolles</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">225b0544fb1db65fe48d6813126e7ea0</email>
                  <email type="domain">etu.umontpellier.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1630028</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">2736683-1630028</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2659-4251</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-1100632"/>
                </author>
                <author role="crp">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Marc</forename>
                    <surname>Chaumont</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">6f42cc7f71d6fc246a2a91f009322e3b</email>
                  <email type="domain">lirmm.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">marc-chaumont</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">9890</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">971-9890</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4095-4410</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/076392740</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-1100632"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Frédéric</forename>
                    <surname>Comby</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">2b909e2b48e3d8cb0290a78a17fa23a0</email>
                  <email type="domain">lirmm.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">frederic-comby</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">6243</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">18278-6243</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/068902778</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7157-4296</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-1100632"/>
                </author>
              </analytic>
              <monogr>
                <imprint/>
              </monogr>
              <idno type="arxiv">2302.11527</idno>
              <ref target="https://www.lirmm.fr/~chaumont/NNID.html" type="seeAlso"/>
              <ref target="https://github.com/Kevin-Planolles/steganalysis_with_CNN_dilated-Yedroudj-Net" type="seeAlso"/>
            </biblStruct>
          </sourceDesc>
          <profileDesc>
            <langUsage>
              <language ident="en">English</language>
            </langUsage>
            <textClass>
              <keywords scheme="author">
                <term xml:lang="en">Steganalysis</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Images of arbitrary size</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Invariance in security</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">NNID dataset</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Deep Learning</term>
              </keywords>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="info">Computer Science [cs]</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="info.info-ai">Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI]</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="info.info-cr">Computer Science [cs]/Cryptography and Security [cs.CR]</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="info.info-ne">Computer Science [cs]/Neural and Evolutionary Computing [cs.NE]</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="info.info-ti">Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV]</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="info.info-ts">Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTypology" n="UNDEFINED">Preprints, Working Papers, ...</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halOldTypology" n="UNDEFINED">Preprints, Working Papers, ...</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTreeTypology" n="UNDEFINED">Preprints, Working Papers, ...</classCode>
            </textClass>
            <abstract xml:lang="en">
              <p>In this paper, we study the performance invariance of convolutional neural networks when confronted with variable image sizes in the context of a more "wild steganalysis". First, we propose two algorithms and definitions for a fine experimental protocol with datasets owning "similar difficulty" and "similar security". The "smart crop 2" algorithm allows the introduction of the Nearly Nested Image Datasets (NNID) that ensure "a similar difficulty" between various datasets, and a dichotomous research algorithm allows a "similar security". Second, we show that invariance does not exist in state-ofthe-art architectures. We also exhibit a difference in behavior depending on whether we test on images larger or smaller than the training images. Finally, based on the experiments, we propose to use the dilated convolution which leads to an improvement of a state-of-the-art architecture.</p>
            </abstract>
          </profileDesc>
        </biblFull>
      </listBibl>
    </body>
    <back>
      <listOrg type="structures">
        <org type="researchteam" xml:id="struct-1100632" status="VALID">
          <orgName>Image &amp; Interaction</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">LIRMM | ICAR</orgName>
          <date type="start">2022-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>LIRMM, 161 rue Ada, 34000 Montpellier</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.lirmm.fr/equipes/ICAR/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-1100620" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-101475" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-300009" type="indirect"/>
            <relation name="UMR5506" active="#struct-441569" type="indirect"/>
            <relation name="UMR5506" active="#struct-1100589" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-1219853" type="indirect"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-1100620" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">139590827</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000405990488</idno>
          <idno type="RNSR">199111950H</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/013yean28</idno>
          <orgName>Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">LIRMM</orgName>
          <date type="start">2022-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>161 rue Ada - 34095 Montpellier</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.lirmm.fr</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-101475" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-300009" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="UMR5506" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="UMR5506" active="#struct-1100589" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-1219853" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-101475" status="VALID">
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/03am2jy38</idno>
          <orgName>Université de Perpignan Via Domitia</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UPVD</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>52 avenue Paul Alduy - 66860 Perpignan Cedex 9</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.univ-perp.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300009" status="VALID">
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02kvxyf05</idno>
          <orgName>Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">Inria</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Domaine de VoluceauRocquencourt - BP 10578153 Le Chesnay Cedex</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.inria.fr/en/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-441569" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">02636817X</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000122597504</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02feahw73</idno>
          <orgName>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">CNRS</orgName>
          <date type="start">1939-10-19</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.cnrs.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-1100589" status="VALID">
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/051escj72</idno>
          <orgName>Université de Montpellier</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UM</orgName>
          <date type="start">2022-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>163 rue Auguste Broussonnet - 34090 Montpellier</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.umontpellier.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-1219853" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">282217916</idno>
          <orgName>Université de Montpellier Paul-Valéry</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UMPV</orgName>
          <date type="start">2025-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Université de Montpellier Paul-Valéry Route de Mende 34199 Montpellier Cedex 5</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.univ-montp3.fr/fr</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
      </listOrg>
      <listOrg type="projects">
        <org type="anrProject" xml:id="projanr-47780" status="VALID">
          <idno type="anr">ANR-18-ASTR-0009</idno>
          <idno type="program">ACCOMPAGNEMENT SPÉCIFIQUE DES TRAVAUX DE RECHERCHES ET D’INNOVATION DÉFENSE</idno>
          <orgName>ALASKA</orgName>
          <desc>Utilisation de grandes bases d'images hétérogènes en stéganalyse pour se rapprocher d'un contexte opérationnel</desc>
          <date type="start">2018</date>
        </org>
      </listOrg>
    </back>
  </text>
</TEI>