Neuroprosthetics is an interdisciplinary field of study that comprises neuroscience, computer science, physiology, and biomedical engineering. Each of these areas contributes to finally enhance the functionality of neural prostheses for the substitution or restoration of motor, sensory or cognitive funtions that might have been damaged as a result of an injury or a disease. For example, heart pace makers and cochlear implants substitute the functions performed by the heart and the ear by emulating biosignals with artificial pulses. These approaches require reliable bio-signal processing and computational methods to provide functional augmentation of damaged senses and actions. This Research Topic aims at bringing together recent advances in sensory motor neuroprosthetics. This issue includes research articles in all relevant areas of neuroprosthetics: (1) biosignal processing, especially of Electromyography (EMG) and Electroencephalography (EEG) signals, and other modalities of biofeedback information, (2) computational methods for modeling parts of the sensorimotor system, (3) control strategies for delivering the optimal therapy, (4) therapeutic systems aiming at providing solutions for specific pathological motor disorders, (5) man-machine interfaces, such as a brain-computer interface (BCI), as an interaction modality between the patient and the neuroprostheses.